✨ President of India – The Head of the Indian Union 🇮🇳

👉 Introduction: The President of India is the highest constitutional authority in our country — a symbol of national unity, integrity, and dignity. They are not just an individual but the “Constitutional Face of India.” 🙌

1️⃣ Overview

🔹 The President is the head of India’s Union Executive.
🔹 They are called the First Citizen of India.
🔹 The office is described under Articles 52 to 62.
🔹 “There shall be a President of India” – representing the unity of the Indian Union.
⭐️ Why Important? → The President is the chief of the executive and the guardian of the Constitution.

2️⃣ Article 52 – The President of India 🇮🇳

The President is the supreme executive head of India.
They are the head of Parliament, Government, and Armed Forces.

3️⃣ Article 53 – Executive Power of the Union ⚖️

🔹 All executive powers of the Union vest in the President.
🔹 Acts in the name of the President.
🔹 Supreme command of Defence Forces is vested in the President.
⭐️ Why Important? → Grants the President supreme administrative authority over the nation.

4️⃣ Article 54 – Election of President 🗳️

🔹 The President is elected by Indirect Election.
🔹 Electors include —
Elected MPs of both Houses of Parliament
Elected MLAs of State Legislatures
⭐️ Why Important? → Establishes the President as a joint representative of the Union and States.

5️⃣ Article 55 – Manner of Election of President

🔹 System: Proportional Representation + Single Transferable Vote
🔹 Voting is by Secret Ballot
🔹 Nomination requires: 50 proposers + 50 seconders
🔹 Quota Formula:

\[ \text{Quota} = \frac{\text{Total Valid Votes}}{\text{No. of Candidates + 1}} + 1 \]

🔹 Value of Vote:
MLA Vote Value → (Population of State ÷ No. of Elected MLAs) ÷ 1000
MP Vote Value → (Total Value of MLA Votes ÷ Total Elected MPs)
⭐️ Why Important? → Ensures a balanced representation of population and states in Presidential elections.

6️⃣ Article 56 – Term of Office of President ⏳

🔹 Term: 5 years
🔹 Can resign to the Vice-President.
⭐️ Why Important? → Symbol of stability and continuity.

7️⃣ Article 57 – Re-election Eligibility 🔁

🔹 The President can be re-elected.

8️⃣ Article 58 – Qualifications for Election 🎓

🔹 Must be a citizen of India.
🔹 Minimum age: 35 years
🔹 Eligible for Lok Sabha membership.
🔹 Must not hold any office of profit.
⭐️ Why Important? → Ensures only competent, impartial, and experienced persons become President.

9️⃣ Article 59 – Conditions of President’s Office

🔹 Cannot be a member of Parliament or State Legislature.
🔹 Cannot hold any other office of profit.
🔹 Salary and allowances cannot be reduced during the term.
⭐️ Why Important? → Maintains impartiality and independence of the President.

🔟 Article 60 – Oath or Affirmation by the President 🙏

🔹 Administered by Chief Justice of India (CJI).
🔹 In absence, senior-most judge administers the oath.
⭐️ Why Important? → Symbolizes commitment and duty towards the Constitution.

1️⃣1️⃣ Article 61 – Procedure for Impeachment ⚖️

🔹 Ground: Violation of the Constitution
🔹 Motion can be introduced in either House.
🔹 14 days’ notice required before motion.
🔹 Signed by at least 1/4 members.
🔹 Requires 2/3 majority to pass.
⭐️ Why Important? → Keeps the President accountable and under the Constitution.

1️⃣2️⃣ Article 62 – Vacancy in the Office 🕊️

🔹 Election to fill vacancy is held before completion of term.
🔹 In case of death, resignation, or removal —
Vice President, CJI, or SC Judge acts as President.
⭐️ Why Important? → Maintains administrative continuity.

1️⃣3️⃣ Article 72 – Power to Grant Pardons 🕊️

🔹 President can grant Pardons, Reprieves, Respite, Remission, Suspension, or Commutation.
🔹 Can commute Death Sentence.
⭐️ Why Important? → Symbol of humanitarian compassion and judicial mercy.

🏁 Conclusion

The President is the symbol of unity and integrity of Indian democracy.
Guardian of the Constitution and moral guide of the nation.
Their decisions maintain stability and harmony in the federal structure. 🇮🇳

7. President of India

Key Highlights